Interstellar (soundtrack)

Interstellar: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2014 film Interstellar directed by Christopher Nolan. The film score is composed by Hans Zimmer who previously scored Nolan's Batman film trilogy and Inception. The soundtrack garnered critical acclaim. Prior to its digital release, it was nominated for an Academy Award and Original Score at the Hollywood Music in Media Awards. The soundtrack was released on November 17, 2014 via the WaterTower label.

Background
In mid-October 2012, Christopher Nolan sent Hans Zimmer a typewritten note that detailed the theme of his film and asked Zimmer to spend a day writing some musical ideas. When Zimmer received the note, he was attending a gathering of students at Loyola Marymount University's School of Film and Television. In one night, Zimmer wrote a four-minute piece with piano and organ. The composed piece as per Zimmer asserted feelings of "what it meant to be a father". Nolan heard the piece and superficially explained about the film. As the film also explores a father-daughter relationship, Nolan called that piece the "heart of the story". Nolan began writing, with this piece of music giving him company through the writing process, through the shoot. According to Zimmer, composers typically become involved toward the end of a film's creation, but for Interstellar, Zimmer began composing two years prior to its release. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Zimmer stated that he could relate his relationship with his own son to the part mentioned in Nolan's first letter. Zimmer was quoted saying, "This story, this fable, these bits of dialogue he wrote for me were full of personal information that he has about myself and my children." According to Zimmer, Interstellar related to people in complete isolation. In summer of 2013, Zimmer isolated himself at his apartment in London for a month to live as a hermit. For Interstellar, Zimmer and Nolan both talked about Time Life books, the space, pictures by NASA available in books that kids read.

It took two years for Zimmer to conceptualize and compose the score, in parallel with the scripting and shooting of the film. Usually, by the time Nolan was shooting a scene in the film, Zimmer was ready with the score for that particular scene. However, most of the actual recording was done in the late spring of 2014. Zimmer played every note of the score himself, making extensive use of his computers and synthesizers, and explained that it gave the music a singular quality. Later, however, he needed musicians to perform the complex instrumental score. Zimmer and Nolan visited London's Temple Church to record the 1926 four-manual Harrison & Harrison organ played by the church's music director Roger Sayer. Further, for the overall score, Zimmer added an ensemble of 34 strings, 24 woodwinds and four pianos and recorded it at AIR's Lyndhurst Hall studios. Zimmer himself played the solo piano for the scenes in the film near Saturn. He also added a 60-voice mixed choir. As per Zimmer, the concept of air and breath resonates throughout the score, as the film revolves much with astronauts in spacesuits. Richard Harvey with Gavin Greenaway conducted the score. Zimmer told them to assemble a group of top woodwind players, then asked the musicians to play strange and unusual sounds with their instruments. The choral elements were experimental. Zimmer used the choir in traditionally unusual ways, for example, "to hear the exhalation of 60 people as if the wind flows through the dunes in the Sahara." He made the choir face away from the microphones, using them as reverb for the pianos. Zimmer explained, "The further we get away from Earth in the movie, the more the sound is generated by humans—but an alienation of human sounds. Like the video messages in the movie, they're a little more corroded, a little more abstract."

Critical response
The score received critical acclaim. Reviewing for BBC News, Nicholas Barber felt, "Hans Zimmer's music makes the film seem even more colossal than it would otherwise: Zimmer invokes the original meaning of 'pulls out all the stops', rattling our teeth with reverberating pipe-organ chords." Scott Foundas, a chief film critic at Variety, stated, "Hans Zimmer contributes one of his most richly imagined and inventive scores, which ranges from a gentle electronic keyboard melody to brassy, Strauss-ian crescendos.

Many critics have noted distinct similarities between the score and the work of Philip Glass, especially Koyaanisqatsi (1982). However, despite Interstellar's near-identical central melody and instrumentation, few have criticized Zimmer when drawing the comparison. Time Out London's Dave Calhoun exclaimed, "Listen to unnerving silence as well as Hans Zimmer's organ-heavy score!" Tim Robey of The Telegraph felt "With the vast sounds of a composer set loose on his grandest ever assignment. But it relies less on Straussian majesty à la 2001 than something rather more pointed: the hypnotic, metronomically surging, and oddly sacred homage Zimmer gives us to Koyaanisqatsi, by Philip Glass." Todd McCarthy, reviewing for The Hollywood Reporter, praised it as, "soaring, sometimes domineering and unconventionally orchestrated wall-of-sound score" Richard Corliss of Time called it "pounding organ score". Jeremy Aspinall of Radio Times called the score subtle but evocative. Critic Jeffrey M. Anderson for The San Francisco Examiner writes, "rumbling and thundering sound effects and music". At The Irish Times, Donald Clarke wrote that "Hans Zimmer slumps on the biggest pipe organ in town". For NPR, Chris Klimek stated that Zimmer's gives a church-organ score. Joe Morgenstern for Wall Street Journal felt that "At one point the orchestral churnings of Hans Zimmer's score suggest something epic under way". American film critic Peter Travers at Rolling Stone noted, "thrilling images oomphed by Hans Zimmer's score, and you'll get the meaning of "‘rock the house.‘" For The Globe and Mail, Liam Lacey stated, "Throughout, Hans Zimmer's music throbs obtrusively, occasionally fighting with the dialogue for our attention." "As usual, Nolan's frequent collaborator Hans Zimmer has come up with a score that fits the impossible dimensions of the film, and the music adds tremendously to the excitement", said critic Rene Rodriguez, writing for The Miami Herald. Ann Hornaday for The Washington Post commented, "Hans Zimmer's basso profundo organ-music score and pummeling sound effects." Steven Biscotti of Soundtrack.net too praised the soundtrack stating, "Hans Zimmer has created a close to perfect musical canvas for those extremely dedicated to the audio experience. The compositional technique on the album may turn off a few, as it is different than Zimmer's recent offerings. However, for those that stick with the album, they will see it 'not go gentle into that good night.' Zimmer's Interstellar rages!" and awarded a perfect five out of five stars.

In response to criticisms about the music being too overpowering and at times drowning out the dialogue, Nolan told The Hollywood Reporter: ""Many of the filmmakers I’ve admired over the years have used sound in bold and adventurous ways. I don’t agree with the idea that you can only achieve clarity through dialogue. Clarity of story, clarity of emotions—I try to achieve that in a very layered way using all the different things at my disposal—picture and sound."

Jonathan Broxton of Movie Music UK acclaimed the album, stating, "The orchestration choices, especially the stripped down ensemble and the use of the pipe organ, shows a composer not afraid to think outside the box, and find unique solutions to the musical problems his film presents, and the emotional content of the score is high, but not overwhelming", and summarised with, "It's an absolute lock for an Oscar nomination, and is one of the best scores of 2014." Tangerine Circus's guitarist Francesc Messeguer cited the score and the film as one of his top 5 favorite albums and films, respectively.

Personnel credits
Credits adapted from CD liner notes.


 * All music composed by Hans Zimmer


 * Producers: Christopher Nolan, Hans Zimmer, Alex Gibson
 * Soundtrack album producers: Chris Craker, Hans Zimmer, Christopher Nolan
 * Supervising music editor: Alex Gibson
 * Music editor: Ryan Rubin
 * Music consultant: Czarina Russell
 * Sequencer programming: Andrew Kawczynski, Steve Mazzaro
 * Music production services: Steven Kofsky
 * Technical score engineer: Chuck Choi
 * Technical score engineer: Stephanie McNally
 * Technical assistants: Jacqueline Friedberg, Leland Cox
 * Digital instrument design: Mark Wherry
 * Supervising orchestrator: Bruce Fowler
 * Orchestrators: Walt Fowler, Suzette Moriarty, Kevin Kaska, Carl Rydlund, Elizabeth Finch, Andrew Kinney
 * Orchestra conducted by Gavin Greenaway, Richard Harvey
 * Score recorded at Lyndhurst Hall, Air Studios and Temple Church, London
 * Score recorded by Geoff Foster, Alan Meyerson
 * Score mixed by Alan Meyerson
 * Score mix assistant: John Witt Chapman
 * Additional engineering: Christian Wenger, Seth Waldmann, Daniel Kresco
 * Assistant to Hans Zimmer: Cynthia Park
 * Studio manager for Remote Control Productions: Shalini Singh
 * Contractor: Isobel Griffiths
 * Sampling team: Ben Robinson, Taurees Habib, Raul Vega
 * Music preparation: Booker T. White
 * Music librarian: Jill Streater
 * Score mixed at Remote Control Productions, Santa Monica, California


 * Air Studios sessions


 * Air Studios bookings: Alison Burton Booth
 * Reader: Chris Craker
 * Pro Tools recordist at Lyndhurst Hall: Chris Barrett
 * Pro Tools recordist in Studio 1: Laurence Anslow


 * Temple Church session


 * Pro Tools recordist at Temple Church: John Prestage
 * Assistant / Abbey Road Mobile: John Barrett
 * Assistant / Abbey Road Mobile: Jon Alexander
 * Technical engineer: Dan Cole
 * Technical engineer: Matt Kingdon
 * Booth reader: Steve Mazzaro
 * Scoring session photography: Jordan Goldberg
 * Executive in charge of music for Warner Bros. Pictures: Paul Broucek
 * Executive in charge of music for Paramount Pictures: Randyspendlove
 * Executive in charge of Watertower Music: Jason Linn
 * Art direction and soundtrack coordination: Sandeep Sriram
 * Music business affairs executive: Lisa Margolis


 * Featured musicians
 * Ambient music design: Mario Reinsch
 * Pipe organ: Roger Sayer
 * Piano: Hans Zimmer
 * Violin: Ann Marie Simpson
 * Steel guitar: Chas Smith
 * Tuned percussion: Frank Ricotti
 * Harp: Skaila Kanga
 * Synth programming: Hans Zimmer
 * Leader of the firsts: Thomas Bowes
 * Leader of the seconds: Roger Garland
 * First cellist: Caroline Dale
 * First French horn: Richard Watkins
 * First viola: Peter Lale
 * Bass: Mary Scully


 * Woodwinds
 * Choir: London Voices
 * Choirmasters: Ben Parry, Terry Edwards
 * String quartet: Rita Manning, Emlyn Singleton, Bruce White, Tim Gill
 * Piano quartet: Simon Chamberlain, Dave Arch, John Lenehan, Andy Vinter
 * Flute 1: Karen Jones
 * Flute / Piccolo 2: Helen Keen
 * Flute / Piccolo 3: Paul Edmund-davies
 * Flute / Piccolo / Alto 4: Anna Noakes
 * Flute / Alto 5: Rowland Sutherland
 * Flute / Alto 6: Siobhan Grealy
 * Oboe 1: David Theodore
 * Oboe 2: Matthew Draper
 * Oboe / Cor anglais 3: Jane Marshall
 * Oboe / Cor anglais 4: Janey Miller
 * Clarinet 1: Nicholas Bucknall
 * Clarinet 2: Nick Rodwell
 * Clarinet/Bass clarinet – C extension 3: Martin Robertson
 * Clarinet/Bass clarinet – C extension 4: Duncan Ashby
 * Clarinet/Eb contrabass clarinet 5: Dave Fuest
 * Clarinet/Bb contrabass clarinet 6: Alan Andrews
 * Bassoon 1: Richard Skinner
 * Bassoon 2: Lorna West
 * Bassoon/Contrabassoon 3: Rachel Simms
 * Bassoon/Contrabassoon 4: Gordon Laing